How the contract works
Probability
How the price has moved
Analysis
Context
What moves the probability
November jobs and CPI data
The employment and inflation reports released in the weeks before the December meeting are the single biggest inputs the FOMC weighs. A weak jobs report or a surprise inflation print in either direction would push this probability up; stable, in-line data keeps it anchored near its current level.
Summary of Economic Projections
December meetings include the Fed's quarterly rate-path forecast, which officials sometimes use as cover to signal a shift without necessarily moving the rate that same meeting. This can add uncertainty to the contract even when the base case remains no change.
Fed communication between meetings
Speeches and testimony from FOMC members in October and November, including any signal about the pace of the Fed's balance-sheet or rate posture, can move the market's expectation well before the meeting itself happens.
Prior-meeting posture
Whatever stance the Fed takes at the meeting immediately preceding December sets the default expectation; a Fed that has just acted or just signaled a pause tends to hold steady again unless data forces its hand.
The case for
- The FOMC concludes that incoming data by early December, chiefly the November jobs and CPI reports, justifies a move away from the current rate level.
- A clear softening in the labor market or a renewed inflation flare-up before 9 December would give the committee a data-driven reason to cut or hike respectively.
- Forward guidance from Fed officials in October and November shifts markedly from its current tone, raising the odds priced into the contract.
The case against
- The Fed has generally preferred to hold rates steady between policy shifts absent a clear data trigger, and no such trigger is yet evident.
- A December move immediately following the quarterly Summary of Economic Projections risks appearing reactive rather than planned, which the committee tends to avoid.
- Stable incoming data through November would remove the justification for a change at the final meeting of the year.
What to watch
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